Building Construction and Infrastructure: Understanding LEED

LEED နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ အေၾကာင္းအရာ ေတြ Web-links ေတြ ကို မွီျငမ္း ႏိုင္ဘို႔ စုေနပါတယ္။

Sustainable Sites
- Site Design & Management က Local Ecology အေပၚ အက်ိဳးသက္ေရာက္ မႈ ႐ွိပါတယ္။
- Landscape နဲ႔ အပင္ေတြ စိုက္ဘို႔ အတြက္ Irrigation water နဲ႔ Fertilizer သံုးရပါတယ္။ ကတၱရာ၊ ကြန္ကရစ္ လို လမ္းခင္း ေတြ က ေရမစိမ့္ ႏိုင္တဲ့ အျပင္ အပူစုတ္ယူ ထား ႏိုင္တာ ေၾကာင့္ Urban Heat Island Effect နဲ႔ အတူ Alter Storm water runoff ကို ျဖစ္ေစတာမို႔ ေရထု ကိုညစ္ညမ္းေစၿပီး ေရသတၱဝါ ေတြကို ဒုကၡေပး ႐ံုသာမက လူေတြ အပန္းေျဖ စရာ Recreation Activities ေတြကိုပါ ထိခိုက္ေစႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္မို႔
  - အေဆာက္အအံု ေဆာက္တာ ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္လာတဲ့ ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ အေပၚ အေႏွာင့္အယွက္ ေပးမႈေတြ ကို ေလွ်ာ့ခ် ႏိုင္ဘို႔
  - ေျမတိုက္စား မႈ ကာကြယ္ႏိုင္ဘို႔
  - ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ ကို ဒုကၡေပးတဲ့ ဓာတ္ေျမၾသဇာေတြ မသံုးဘို႔၊
  - မိုးေရ ကို ထိန္းသိမ္း ႏိုင္ေစဘို႔
  - Urban Heat Island Effect ေတြ ကို ေလွ်ာ့ခ် ႏိုင္ဘို႔
- Building နဲ႔ အျခားေနရာ ေတြ အၾကား ခရီး အသြားအလာ လုပ္ဘို႔ အတြက္ ကား သံုးရေလ့ ႐ွိတာမို႔ Vehicle Emission ႐ွိၿပီး Vehicle Infrastructure လည္းပိုမို လိုအပ္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ Emission က Climate Change, Smog, Acid Rain နဲ႔ ေလေကာင္းေလသန္႔ ရ႐ွိေရး ျပႆနာ ေတြေပးတာပါ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္မို႔
  - လူေနထူထပ္ၿပီး လမ္းေတြ၊ Infrastructure ေတြ အသင့္႐ွိေနတဲ့ ေနရာ ကိုေ႐ြးခ်ယ္ဘို႔။
  - ခရီးသြားဘို႔ ေ႐ြးစရာ ေတြေပးႏိုင္ဘို႔ (Public Transport, စက္ဘီး၊ Alternative Vehicles၊ Car Pooling & Telecommunication)
- ညဖက္ မွာ ထြန္းထားတဲ့ Exterior Building Lighting ေတြေၾကာင့္ Nighttime light pollution ျဖစ္ေစၿပီး ညဖက္က်က္စား တဲ့ သတၱဝါ ေတြ ရဲ့ သဘာဝ ကို အေႏွာင့္အယွက္ ျဖစ္ေစပါတယ္။ ဒါကိုလည္း ေလွ်ာ့ခ် ဘို႔ လိုအပ္ပါတယ္။
- အပင္၊ သဘာဝ ေတာ႐ိုင္းတိရစၧာန္မ်ား၊ ေရ ႏွင့္ ေလ သန္႔႐ွင္းမႈ ကို ခံစား နားလည္တတ္တဲ့ တာဝန္သိသိ၊ ဆန္းသစ္ တီထြင္မႈလည္း႐ွိ၊ လက္ေတြ႔လည္း က်တဲ့ Site Management Techniques ေတြဟာ ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ အနီးအနား နဲ႔ အရပ္ေဒသ အလိုက္ အေဆာက္အအံုေတြ ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚေစတဲ့ ဆိုးက်ိဳးေတြ ကို ေလွ်ာ့ေပါ့ေပး ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
- ထိန္းထိန္းသိမ္းသိမ္း ၾကပ္ၾကပ္မတ္မတ္ စီမံခန္႔ခြဲ မႈ ေတြ က အေဆာက္အအံု ထဲ အမႈန္အမႊားေတြ၊၊ Allergens (ဓာတ္မတည့္ေသာ၊ ယားယံ ေစေသာ ပစၥည္းမ်ား၊ ဝတ္မႈန္၊ ပိုးေကာင္ စသည္။) ေတြ ဝင္လာမဲ့ အေရးကို ေလွ်ာ့ခ် ႏိုင္ၿပီး၊ လူေတြ ေခ်ာ္လဲတာ၊ ျပဳတ္က် တာေတြ ကိုလည္းေလွ်ာ့ခ် ႏိုင္ တာမို႔ ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ Indoor Environmental Quality ကို ပိုမို ေကာင္းမြန္ ေစ႐ံု မွ်မက အႏၲရာယ္ ပိုကင္းေစ မွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

---- ဆက္လက္ ေရးသား ေနဆဲ ---

LEED EB Web Resources

SUSTAINABLE SITES
1. SS Prerequisites-1: Erosion & Sedimentation Control
  Intent : Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and air quality.
  
  Referenced Standard
  - Developing Your Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan - Chapter 3: Sediment and Erosion Control
  Other Resources
2. SS Prerequisites-2: Age of Building
  Intent : Provide a distinction between buildings that are eligible to apply for LEED for New Construction certification and buildings that are eligible to apply for LEED for Existing Building Certification.
3. SS-Credits -1.1 & 1.2: Green Site and Building Exterior Management
  Intent : Encourage grounds/site/building exterior management practices that have the lowest environmental impact possible and preserve ecological integrity, enhance diversity and protect wildlife while supporting building performance and integration into surrounding landscapes.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
4. SS-Credit-2 : High Development Density Building and Area
  Intent : Channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields and preserve habitat and natural resources.
  
  Other Resources
5. SS-Credits-3.1 to 3.4 : Alternative Transportation
  - SS-Credit-3.1 : Public Transportation Access
    Intent : Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use.
    - Best Work Places For Commuters
    - Transportation and Air Quality
  - SS-Credit-3.2 : Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms
    Intent : -ditto-.
  - SS-Credit- 3.3 : Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs)
    Intent : - ditto -.
    
    Other Resources
  - SS-Credit -3.4 : Car Pooling and Telecommuting
    Intent : - ditto -.
6. SS-Credits 4.1 & 4.2 : Reduced Site Disturbance :
  Intent : Conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat and promote biodiversity.
  
  Other Resources
7. SS-Credits 5.1 & 5.2 : Stormwater Management
  Intent : Limit distruption and pollution of natural water flows by managing stormwater runoff
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
8. SS-Credits 6.1 & 6.2 : Heat Island Reduction
  - SS-Credit-6.1 : Heat Island Reduction : Non - Roof
    Intent : Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient difference between development and undeveloped areas) to minimize impact on microclimate and human and wildlife habitat.
  - SS-Credit-6.2 : Heat Island Reduction: Roof
    Intent : - ditto -
9. SS-Credit-7 : Light Pollution Reduction
  Intent : Eliminate light trespass from the building and site, improve night sky access and reduce development impact on nocturnal environments.
WATER EFFICIENCY
1. WE-Prerequisites-1: Minimum Water Efficiency
  Intent : Maximize fixture water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on potable water supply and waste water systems.
  
  Referenced Standard
  - 10CFR430.32 Energy and water conservation standards (pdf)
  Other Resources
2. WE-Prerequisites-2: Discharge Water Compliance
  Intent : Protect natural habitat, water ways and water supply from pollutants carried by building discharge water.
  
  Referenced Standard
  Other Resources
  - The Low Impact Development Center, Inc. (LID)
3. WE-Credits 1.1 & 1.2: Water Efficient Landscaping – Reduce Water Use
  Intent : Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation.
  
  Other Resources
4. WE-Credit 2: Innovative Waste Water Technologies
  Intent : Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water demand, while increasing the local aquifer recharge.
  
  Intent : Reduce generation of waste water and potable water demand, while increasing the local aquifer recharge.
  
  Referenced Standard
  - EPA# 625R00008 Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual
  Other Resources
5. WE-Credits 3.1 & 3.2: Water Use Reduction
  Intent : Maximize fixture potable efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and waste water systems.
  
  Intent : Minimize fixture potable water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems
  Referenced Standard
  - Refer to WE-Prerequisites 1
ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE
1. EA-Prerequisites 1: Existing Building Commissioning
  Intent : Verified that fundamental building systems and assemblies are performing as intended to meet current needs and sustainability requirements
  
  Other Resources
  - ASHRAE Guidelines for Commissioning Process
  - Building Commissioning Association (BCxA)
  - California Commissioning Collaborative
  - Cx Assistant Commissioning Tool
  - Department of Engineering Professional Development University of Wisconsin, Madison
    offers commissioning training courses for building owners, architects, engineers and O&M staffs, and other interested parties.
  - Energy Star^® Building Upgrade Manual
  - Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.
  - A Practical Guide for Commissioning Existing Buildings
  - New Construction Commissioning Handbook for Facility Managers (pdf)
2. EA-Prerequisites 2: Minimum Energy Performance
  Intent : Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the building and systems.
  
  Other Resources
3. EA-Prerequisites 3: Ozone Protection
  Intent : Reduce Ozone Depletion
  
  Referenced Standard
  Other Resources
4. EA-Credits 1: Optimize Energy Performance
  Intent : Achieve Increasing Levels of Energy performance above the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental impacts associated with excessive energy use.
  
  Referenced Standard
  - Refer to EA-Prerequisites 2
5. EA-Credits 2.1 to 2.4: On-Site and Off-Site Renewable Energy
  Intent : Encourage and Recognize increasing levels of on-site and off-site renewable energy in order to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use.
  
  Referenced Standard
  - Green-e Renewable Electricity Certification Program
  - Low Impact Hydropower Certification Program, Low Impact Hydropower Institute (LIHI)
  Other Resources
6. EA-Credits 3: Building Operations & Maintenance
  Intent : Support appropriate operations and maintenance of buildings and building systems so that they continue to deliver target building performance goals over the long term.
  - EA-Credits 3.1: Staff Education
    Other Resources
  - EA-Credits 3.1: Building System Maintenance
  - EA-Credits 3.3: Building System Monitoring
    Other Resources
7. EA-Credits 4: Additional Ozone Protection
  Intent : Reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol.
  Referenced Standard & Other Resources
  - Refer to WE-Prerequisite 3
8. EA-Credits 5: Performance Measurement
  - EA-Credits 5.1 – 5.3: Enhance Metering
    Intent : Demonstrate the ongoing accountability and optimization of building energy and water consumption performance over time and add incentives for additional energy reduction
    
    Other Resources
    IPMVP International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol
  - EA-Credits 5.4: Emission Reduction Reporting
    Intent : Document emission reduction benefits of building efficiency actions, retire a portion of the reductions and reduce emissions in the supply chain.
    
    Referenced Standard
    - Cleaner Greener Emission Reductions Calculator
    Other Resources
    - Cleaner and Greener Certification Program
    - IPMVP International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol
9. EA-Credits 6: Documenting Sustainable Building Cost Impacts
  Intent : Documenting sustainable building cost impacts.
  No reference standard
MATERIALS & RESOURCES
1. MR-Prerequisites 1.1: Source Reduction and Waste Management
  Waste Management Policy and Waste Stream Audit
  Intent : Establish minimum source reduction and recycling program elements and quantify current waste stream production volume
  
  Other Resources
2. MR-Prerequisites 1.2: Source Reduction and Waste Management
  Storage & Collection of Recyclables
  Intent : Facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills or through incineration
  
  Other Resources
3. MR-Prerequisites 2: Toxic Material Source Reduction : Reduce Mercury in Light Bulbs
  Intent : Establish and maintain a toxic material source reduction program to reduce the amount of mercury brought into buildings through purchase of light bulbs.
  
  Referenced Standard
  IESNA
  - Life Measurement
    - LM-40-01: for tubular fluorescence
    - LM-47-01: for HID lamps
    - LM-60-01: for Single-Ended Compact Fluorescent Lamp
  - Lumen Measurement
    - LM 9: Linear Fluorescent
    - LM 51: HID
    - LM 66: Compact Fluorescents
  Light Bulb Mercury Content
  - Option 1 : Manufacturer’s certifications
  - Option 2 : U.S. EPA Total Mercury by Cold Vapor Absorption Method 7471A.
  Other Resources
4. MR-Credits 1.1 & 1.2: Construction, Demolition and Renovation
  Intent : Divert construction, demolition and land-clearing debris from landfill and incineration disposal. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites
  
  Other Resources
5. MR-Credits 2.1 - 2.5: Optimize Use of Alternative Materials
  Intent : Reduce the environmental impacts of the materials acquired for use in the operations, maintenance, and upgrades of buildings
  
  Referenced Standard
  - The Forest Stewardship Council
  Other Resources
6. MR-Credits 3.1 & 3.2: Optimize Use of IAQ Compliant Products
  Intent : Reduce the indoor air quality (IAQ) impacts of the materials acquired for use in the operation, maintenance and upgrades of buildings.
  
  Referenced Standard
  Other Resources
  - Best Sustainable Indoor Air Quality Practices in Commercial Buildings
7. MR-Credits 4: Sustainable Cleaning Products and Materials
  Intent : Reduce the environmental impacts of cleaning products, disposable janitorial paper products and trash bags
  
  Referenced Standard
  Other Resources
8. MR-Credits 5.1 - 5.3: Occupant Recycling
  Intent : Facilitate the reduction of waste and toxins generated by building occupants and building operations that are hauled to and disposed of in landfills or incineration
  
  Other Resources
9. MR-Credits 6: Additional Toxic Material Reduction : Reduce Mercury in Light Bulbs
  Intent : Establish and maintain a toxic material source reduction program to reduce the amount of mercury brought into buildings through purchase of light bulbs.
  - Refer to MR-Prerequisites 2: Toxic Material Source Reduction
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
1. EQ-Prerequisites 1: Outside Air Introduction and Exhaust Systems
  Intent : Establish minimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the health and well-being of the occupants
  
  Referenced Standard
  - ASHRAE - Standards and Guidelines : ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
  - US EPA: Energy Cost and IAQ Performance of Ventilation Systems and Controls Study
  - US EPA: Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings
  Other Resources
  - US EPA Building Air Quality - A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers
  - University of Missouri - Environmental Design Indoor Air Quality
  - US EPA Indoor Air Quality
  - US EPA: IAQ Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM) Indoor Air Quality
  - The Indoor Air Quality Association (IAQA)
2. EQ-Prerequisites 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
  Intent : Prevent or minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces and systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS).
  
  Referenced Standard
  - ASTM E779 -03 Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
  - California Title 24 - Residential Compliance Manual (Home Energy Rating Systems Required Verification and Diagnostic Testing)
  Other Resources
  - US EPA: Fact Sheet Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking
  - US EPA: Secondhand Smoke is a Preventable Health Risk
3. EQ-Prerequisites 3: Asbestos Removal or Encapsulation
  Intent : Reduce the potential exposure of building occupants to asbestos and prevent associated harmful effects of asbestos in existing buildings.
  
  Referenced Standard
  - US EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
  - US EPA Asbestos
  Other Resources
  - ABIH - American Board of Industrial Hygiene
  - US EPA Asbestos
  - OSHA Asbestos Information
  - US EPA - IAQ & Asbestos Basic Information
4. EQ-Prerequisites 4: Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Removal
  Intent : Reduce the potential exposure of building occupants to PCBs and PCB combustion byproducts in case of fire in the building.
  
  Other Resources
  - US EPA Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Wastes
  - US EPA - Laws and Regulations Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Wastes
  ---- ဆက္လက္ စုေဆာင္း ေနဆဲ ---
5. EQ-Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
  Intent : Provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help sustain long-term occupant comfort and well-being.
  
  Referenced Standard
  - ASHRAE - Standards and Guidelines : ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
  Other Resources
  - US EPA - IAQ in Large Buildings; Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers
  - US EPA - IAQ in Large Buildings; Indoor Air Quality Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM)
6. EQ-Credit 2: Increased Ventilation
  Intent : Provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality for improved occupant comfort, well being and productivity.
  
  Referenced Standard
  - ASHRAE - Standards and Guidelines : ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
  Other Resources
7. EQ-Credit 3: Construction IAQ Management Plan
  Intent : Prevent IAQ problems resulting from any construction / renovation projects in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
  - US EPA: Controlling Pollutants and Sources
  - Ventilation and Air Quality in Offices
  - Indoor Air Pollution in California Report
8. EQ-Credit 4.1: Documenting Productivity Impacts - Absenteeism & Healthcare Cost Impacts
  Intent : Document absenteeism, health care cost and productivity impacts of sustainable building performance improvements.
  
  no referenced standard
  
  Other Resources
  - Do Green Buildings Enhance the Well Being of Workers? Yes ...
  - Health and Productivity Gains from Better Indoor Environments and their Relationship with Building Energy Efficiency (PDF)- William J. Fisk; 2000
  - US EPA: Sick Building Syndrome
9. EQ-Credit 4.2: Documenting Productivity Impacts - Other Impacts
  Intent : Documentation of the other productivity impacts (beyond those identified in IEQ credit 4.1) of sustainable building performance improvements.
  
  No Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
  - Analysis of the Performance of Students in Daylit Schools
  - Analysis of the Performance of Students in Daylit Schools (pdf)
  - Impacts of Indoor Environments on Human Performance and Productivity (Lawrence Berkeley National Library)
10. EQ-Credit 5.1: Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control - Reduce Particulates in Air System
  Intent : Reduce exposure of building occupants and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous chemical, biological and particle contaminants, which adversely impact air quality, health, building finishes, building systems and the environment.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
11. EQ-Credit 5.2: Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control - High Volume Copy/Print/Fax Room
  Intent : Reduce exposure of building occupants and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous chemical, biological and particle contaminants, which adversely impact air quality, health, building finishes, building systems and the environment.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
12. EQ-Credit 6.1: Controllability of Systems - Lighting
  Intent : Provide high level of temperature, ventilation and lighting control by individual occupants or specific groups in multi-occupants spaces (e.g. classrooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
13. EQ-Credit 6.2: Controllability of Systems - Temperature & Ventilation
  Intent : Provide high level of temperature, ventilation and lighting control by individual occupants or specific groups in multi-occupants spaces (e.g. classrooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
14. EQ-Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort - Compliance
  Intent : Provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports the productivity and well being of building occupants.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
15. EQ-Credit 7.2: Thermal Comfort - Permanent Monitoring System
  Intent : -ditto-
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
16. EQ-Credit 8.1 & 8.2: Daylight & Views - Daylight
  Intent : Provide a connections between indoor spaces and the outdoor environment through introduction of daylight and views into the occupied areas of the building.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
17. EQ-Credit 8.3 & 8.4: Daylight & Views - Views
  Intent : -- ditto --.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
18. EQ-Credit 9: Contemporary IAQ Practice
  Intent : Enhance IAQ performance by optimizing practices to prevent the development of IAQ problems in buildings correcting IAQ problems when they occur and, maintaining well-being of the occupants.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
19. EQ-Credit 10.1: Green Cleaning - Entryways Systems
  Intent : Reduce exposure of the building occupants and maintenance personnel to potentially hazardous chemical, biological and particle contaminants, which adversely impact air quality, health, building finishes, building systems, and the environment.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
20. EQ-Credit 10.2: Green Cleaning - Isolation of Janitorial Closets
  Intent : - ditto -.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
21. EQ-Credit 10.3: Green Cleaning - Low Environmental Impact Cleaning Policy
  Intent : - ditto -
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
22. EQ-Credit 10.4 – 10.5: Green Cleaning - Low Environmental Impact Pest Management Policy
  Intent : - ditto -.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources
23. EQ-Credit 10.6: Green Cleaning - Low Environmental Impact Cleaning Equipment Policy
  Intent : - ditto -.
  
  Referenced Standard
  
  Other Resources

Thursday, September 25, 2008

Understanding LEED

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